Three-axis Air-bearing Based Platform for Small Satellite Attitude Determination and Control Simulation
نویسندگان
چکیده
A frictionless environment simulation platform, utilized for accomplishing three-axis attitude control tests in small satellites, is introduced. It is employed to develop, improve, and carry out objective tests of sensors, actuators, and algorithms in the experimental framework. Different sensors (i.e. sun, earth, magnetometer, and an inertial measurement unit) are utilized to assess three-axis deviations. A set of three inertial wheels is used as primary actuators for attitude control, together with three mutually perpendicular magnetic coils intended for desaturation purposes, and as a backup control system. Accurate balancing, through the platform’s center of mass relocation into the geometrical center of the spherical air-bearing, significatively reduces gravitational torques, generating a virtually torque-free environment. A very practical balancing procedure was developed for equilibrating the table in the local horizontal plane, with a reduced final residual torque. A wireless monitoring system was developed for on-line and post-processing analysis; attitude data are displayed and stored, allowing properly evaluate the sensors, actuators, and algorithms. A specifically designed onboard computer and a set of microcontrollers are used to carry out attitude determination and control tasks in a distributed control scheme. The main components and subsystems of the simulation platform are described in detail. RESUMEN Se presenta una plataforma de simulación de un medio sin fricción, utilizada para llevar a cabo pruebas de control de orientación en satélites pequeños. Ésta se emplea para efectuar de una manera objetiva, el desarrollo, mejoramiento y pruebas de funcionamiento de: sensores, actuadores y algoritmos; desde un punto de vista experimental. Se utilizan diferentes sensores (i.e. sol, tierra, magnetómetro y unidad de medición inercial) para determinar su desviación en tres ejes. Tres ruedas inerciales constituyen el grupo de actuadores primarios para control de orientación, trabajando en conjunto con tres bobinas magnéticas, mutuamente perpendiculares, que sirven para desaturar las ruedas y también como sistema de control de respaldo. La ejecución de un balanceo exacto, a través de la re-localización del centro de masa de la plataforma sobre el centro geométrico del balero de aire esférico, reduce significativamente los pares gravitacionales, generando un medio virtualmente libre de pares externos. Se desarrolló un procedimiento muy práctico de balanceo, para equilibrar la mesa en el plano horizontal local, logrando obtener un par residual final pequeño. Un sistema de monitoreo inalámbrico fue desarrollado con el propósito de llevar a cabo un análisis en línea y en post-proceso; los datos de orientación son desplegados y almacenados, permitiendo una correcta evaluación de sensores, actuadores y algoritmos. Una computadora a bordo de diseño específico y un conjunto de microcontroladores, llevan a cabo tareas de detección, orientación y control, en un esquema de control distribuido. Se describen con detalle los principales componentes y subsistemas de la plataforma de simulación.
منابع مشابه
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